Direct
and Indirect Speech, yang juga kita kenal dengan istilah lain yaitu Reported
Speech. Direct Speect adalah kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh pembicara
dan jika ditulis kalimat tersebut akan diberi tanda kutip. Sedangkan Indirect
Speech adalah kalimat yang kita laporkan kepada orang lain secara tidak
langsung dan tanpa diberi koma.
Contoh:
Reporting verb: Tono says,
Reported words ”I’m very good at English”
Tense
yang harus kita perhatikan dalam pola ini yaitu:
Direct Speech:
- Simple Present Tense
- Present Continuous Tense
- Present Perfect Tense
- Present Perfect Continuous Tense
- Simple Past Tense
- Simple Future Tense
- Future Continouos Tense
- Conditional
Indirect Speech:
- Simple Past Tense
- Past Continuous Tense
- Past Perfect Tense
- Past Perfect Continuous Tense
- Past Perfect Tense
- Past Future Tense/Conditional
- Past Future Continuous Tense (Conditional Continuous)
- Conditional
Kalau
reported speech berhubungan dengan kebenaran umum atau fakta yang sudah menjadi
kebiasaan, present indefinite atau simple present dalam reported speech tidak
diubah ke dalam bentuk lampau yang sesuai, melainkan tetap persis sebagaimana
adanya,
Contoh :
He said, “The sun rises in the east” → He said
that the sun rises in the east.
Perubahan Keterangan Waktu (Adverb Of Time) Yang Perlu Diperhatikan
Direct : Indirect :
Now Then
Today That day
Tonight That night
This week That week
Yesterday The day before
The day before yesterday Two
days before
Last night The night before
Last week/year The previous
week/year
A year ago A year before/The
previous year
Three years ago Three years before
Tomorrow The next day/The
following day
The day after tomorrow In
two day’s time/The following day
Next week/year The following
week/year
On Sunday On Sunday
Here There
This book The book
This That
These Those
Over there Over there
Perubahan Kata Bantu (Auxiliaries) Yang Harus Diperhatikan
Can → Could
May → Might
Might → Might
Must → Would have to (kegiatan yang akan
datang)/had to (keharusan yang biasa)
Contoh:
The man said, “I must mend the wall next week”
The man said that he would have to mend the wall
the following week.
Pria itu mengatakan bahwa dia harus memperbaiki
dinding minggu berikutnya.
The girl said, ” I must wash my hands before
eating”
The girl said that she had to wash her hands
before eating.
Gadis itu berkata bahwa dia harus mencuci
tangannya sebelum makan.
Direct
and Indirect Speech ada 3 macam:
1. Statement
(Pernyataan) yang menggunakan “that”
He
said, “we will go to Singapore tomorrow”
He said that they would go to Singapore the next
day.
Bob said, ” I’m a university student”
Bob said that he was a university student.
2. Command
(Perintah) menambahkan kata “to” sebagai penghubung kalimat melaporkan dengan
yang dilaporkan. “not to” dalam perintah negatif.
He
told me, “wait for me !”
He told me to wait for him.
She told me, “don’t cheat anymore !”
She told me not to cheat anymore.
3. Question
(Pertanyaan) jika kalimat dari jenis “yes or no question”, maka bentuk
laporannya menggunakan if atau whether.
Ina asked me, “Do you really love me?”
Ina asked me if/whether I really loved her.
Mixed type:
Contoh:
Anton asked me, “what’s happening to you ? You
look so pale”
Anton asked me what was happening to me as I
looked so pale.
Note : Past Tense kadang-kadang tidak berubah
dalam percakapan.
CONTOH DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH :
D: She says to her friend, “ I have been
reading “
I : She says to her friend that he has been
reading
D : He will say, “ The girl wasn’t ugly “
I : He will tell them that the girl wasn’t
ugly
D : Reza said, “ I’m very sleepy “
I : Reza said that he was very sleepy
D : He has told you, “ I am writing “
I : He has told you that he is writing
D : Mother said to her son, “ study hard “
I : Mothe advised her son to study hard
D : My friend said to me, “ I don’t like
football “
I : My friend said to me that he didn’t like
football
D : She said, “ I didn’t go to campus
I : She said that she hadn’t gone to campus
this morning
D : Rikza says, “ I have seen that movies “
I : Rikza says that she has seen that movies
D : Mother asked her, “ Don’t go there alone
“
I : Mother asked her not to go there alone
D : Father asked robi, “ Don’t smoke too much
“
I : Father asked robi not to smoke too much
CONTOH PERCAKAPAN MENGGUNAKAN DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH
Elno : I will see Gregor as soon as possible.
Harris : What did he tell
you?
Brian : He told me that he would
see him soon.
Mom : Don’t be
so noisy, Ryan. The baby is sleeping
Ryan : Okay,
Mom.
Nicky : Whad
did your mother just tell you?
Ryan : She
told me not to be so noisy because the baby was sleeping.”
Teacher: Why was Krystal absent
yesterday?
Jessica : What did the teacher want to know, Sulli?
Sulli : She wanted to know why Martini had
been
Ray : Will you
go to the movie with me tonight?
Marry : What did he
ask you?
Minzy : He asked me whether he would go to the movie with me that night.
Jordi : Can you meet me tomorrow?
Ollie : No, I can’t
Joey : What did Jordi ask you?
Ollie : He asked me if I could meet him the following day, but I said I couldn’t
